The bill was approved after senators considered the report of the Senate Committee on the Review of the Constitution, presented by its chairman, Deputy Senate President Barau Jibrin.
Lawmakers subsequently went through the provisions of the legislation during the Committee of the Whole before giving it final approval.
Senate President Godswill Akpabio declared the bill passed after it secured the support of more than two-thirds of the senators through a manual voting process.
The proposed law seeks to create a policing framework that will allow both the federal and state governments to operate separate police services.
During deliberations, Senate Leader Opeyemi Bamidele led debate on the measure before senators examined its clauses.
A key provision of the bill stipulates that the Federal Police Service will continue to be headed by the Inspector-General of Police, while each State Police Service will have a Commissioner of Police appointed by the governor and confirmed by the State House of Assembly.
The legislation also grants governors the authority to issue lawful written directives of a general policy nature to state Commissioners of Police on issues concerning public safety and public order.
To address concerns over possible political interference, the bill contains safeguards preventing state police authorities from targeting individuals or groups for criticising the government. Under Section 17(7), a Commissioner of Police cannot arrest, detain, investigate or deploy force against any person, political party or organisation solely on that basis, except where such actions are permitted by law.
The provision is aimed at ensuring accountability and preventing the misuse of state police powers while protecting citizens’ constitutional rights.
Further details of the bill are expected to emerge in the coming days.